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Targumic & Western Aramaic · Targum Readers

Targum Jonathan

TG-R03Targumic AramaicOnkelos first; Western and JPA material labeled separately

ORIGINAL LANGUAGE FIRST

בְּשַׁתָּא דְאִתְנַגַע בָּהּ מַלְכָּא עֻזִיָה אֲמַר נְבִיָא חֲזֵיתִי יַת יְקָרָא דַייָ שָׁרֵי עַל כּוּרְסֵיהּ רָם וּמִתְנַטֵל בִּשְׁמֵי מְרוֹמָא וּמִזִיו יְקָרֵיהּ אִתְמְלֵי הֵיכְלָא: שַׁמָשִׁין קַדִישִׁין בְּרוּמָא קֳדָמוֹהִי שִׁתָּא גַפִּין לְחַד שִׁתָּא גַפִּין לְחַד בִּתְרִין מְכַסֵי אַפּוֹהִי דְלָא חָזֵי וּבִתְרֵין מְכַסֵי גְוִיָתֵיהּ דְלָא מִתְחֲזֵי וּבִתְרֵין מְשַׁמֵשׁ: וּמְקַבְּלִין דֵין מִן דֵין וְאָמְרִין קַדִישׁ בִּשְׁמֵי מְרוֹמָא עִלָאָה בֵית שְׁכִנְתֵּיהּ קַדִישׁ עַל אַרְעָא עוֹבַד גְבוּרְתֵּיהּ קַדִישׁ לְעָלַם וּלְעָלְמֵי עָלְמַיָא יְיָ צְבָאוֹת מַלְיָא כָל אַרְעָא זִיו יְקָרֵיהּ:

Pedagogical transliterationamar neviya: ḥazeiti yat yeqara da-Adonai ... u-meqabbelin dein min dein

Plain meaningTargum Jonathan Isaiah 6:1–3: an expanded prophetic rendering of Isaiah’s throne vision.
Pointing follows the identified Targum edition named in Source notes. It is edition-specific; forms are not generalized to all Targumic or Western Aramaic.

WHAT YOU ARE LOOKING AT

Targum Jonathan

Targum Jonathan makes interpretive moves visible. Isaiah’s ‘I saw the Lord’ becomes חֲזֵיתִי יַת יְקָרָא דַייָ, ‘I saw the glory of Hashem.’ The seraphim become שַׁמָּשִׁין קַדִּישִׁין, holy ministers. The threefold proclamation is expanded across heaven, earth, and eternity. These are source facts about this Targum, not permission to insert the same expansions into the Hebrew translation.

HEAR THIS LESSONListen to the full public explanation.Teacher narration is separate from original-language pronunciation.
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SEE HOW IT WORKS

Keep the form, reading, and meaning together.

בְּשַׁתָּא דְאִתְנַגַע בָּהּ מַלְכָּא עֻזִיָה אֲמַר נְבִיָא חֲזֵיתִי יַת יְקָרָא דַייָ שָׁרֵי עַל כּוּרְסֵיהּ רָם וּמִתְנַטֵל בִּשְׁמֵי מְרוֹמָא וּמִזִיו יְקָרֵיהּ אִתְמְלֵי הֵיכְלָא: שַׁמָשִׁין קַדִישִׁין בְּרוּמָא קֳדָמוֹהִי שִׁתָּא גַפִּין לְחַד שִׁתָּא גַפִּין לְחַד בִּתְרִין מְכַסֵי אַפּוֹהִי דְלָא חָזֵי וּבִתְרֵין מְכַסֵי גְוִיָתֵיהּ דְלָא מִתְחֲזֵי וּבִתְרֵין מְשַׁמֵשׁ: וּמְקַבְּלִין דֵין מִן דֵין וְאָמְרִין קַדִישׁ בִּשְׁמֵי מְרוֹמָא עִלָאָה בֵית שְׁכִנְתֵּיהּ קַדִישׁ עַל אַרְעָא עוֹבַד גְבוּרְתֵּיהּ קַדִישׁ לְעָלַם וּלְעָלְמֵי עָלְמַיָא יְיָ צְבָאוֹת מַלְיָא כָל אַרְעָא זִיו יְקָרֵיהּ:
ORIGINAL

TG-R03

amar neviya: ḥazeiti yat yeqara da-Adonai ... u-meqabbelin dein min dein
READING

Pedagogical reading guide

Targum Jonathan Isaiah 6:1–3: an expanded prophetic rendering of Isaiah’s throne vision.
MEANING

Targumic Aramaic

6:1 prophetic report + glory/throne/Temple · 6:2 holy ministers + three pairs of wings · 6:3 reciprocal proclamation + three expanded holiness clauses

EXAMPLES

Examples supplied by the approved curriculum.

Close translation — ‘In the year King Uzziah was stricken, the prophet said: I saw the glory of Hashem dwelling upon His throne, high and lifted up in the highest heavens, and the Temple was filled from the radiance of His glory. Holy ministers stood on high before Him ... They received from one another and said: Holy in the highest heavens, the house of His Shekhinah; holy upon the earth, the work of His might; holy forever and to the ages of ages is Hashem of hosts; all the earth is full of the radiance of His glory.’

SOURCE REFERENCE

Targum Jonathan on Isaiah 6:1–3

Open the source library

APPROVED STUDY LAYERS

Source-specific guidance from the curriculum.

Learning objective

Read a prophetic Targum passage and distinguish its Aramaic syntax from interpretive expansions beyond the Hebrew surface wording.

Dialect and grammar

Targumic Aramaic of the Prophets. The passage uses יַת as object marker, ד־ relations, participial scene description, and reciprocal דֵּין מִן דֵּין.

Practice

Find three expansions not explicit in the Hebrew wording of Isaiah 6:1–3. Identify the reciprocal phrase that structures the proclamation.

Answer key

Examples: יַת יְקָרָא דַייָ (‘the glory of Hashem’), שַׁמָּשִׁין קַדִּישִׁין (‘holy ministers’), and the heaven/earth/eternity expansion of קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ. Reciprocal phrase: וּמְקַבְּלִין דֵּין מִן דֵּין.

Source notes

Primary edition: Mikraot Gedolot, Public Domain. This record is Targum Jonathan to the Prophets, not the later Pentateuchal work sometimes labeled Pseudo-Jonathan.

REMEMBER

Interpretive expansion belongs to the identified Targum witness, not to the Hebrew verse itself.